Shout to Dave Anderson, who inspired this post with this post.

Classical thinking and romantic thinking are two distinct ways for you to perceive and engage with the world, and they play a central role in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. The contrast between these modes of thought is one of the book’s major themes, and Robert Pirsig uses them to explore how you navigate life’s complexities, especially when it comes to technology, beauty, and understanding.

Classical thinking is analytical, logical, and rooted in rationality. It breaks things down into components, aiming for you to understand how things work by studying their underlying structures and systems. In the book, this mode is often associated with the methodical, mechanical aspect of motorcycle maintenance. If you’re a classical thinker, you want to understand the engine, dissect its parts, and figure out how everything fits together. It’s the kind of thinking that engineers, scientists, and technicians excel at—focused on functionality, precision, and practicality.

That said, classical thinking has never been my natural preference. Even during my days as an infantry officer—when I was expected to operate in structured, methodical environments—I leaned on romantic thinking as my primary way of engaging with the world. Classical thinking felt too rigid for me, and while I recognise its importance, it just never fit with my approach. The way I lead, connect with others, and make decisions comes from a place of intuition, creativity, and emotional intelligence.

Romantic thinking, for me, is intuitive, emotional, and concerned with the experience of beauty and meaning. I don’t care about how something works as much as how it feels. In the context of the book, romantic thinking is the mindset that appreciates the motorcycle as an aesthetic object—a thing of beauty to be enjoyed rather than analysed. As a romantic thinker, you’re more likely to take in the scenic road, enjoy the freedom of the ride, and marvel at the sensory experience rather than worry about the mechanics of the engine.

Romantic thinking aligns with the subjective, the sensory, and the holistic. It revels in the mysterious, the unknowable, and the spontaneous. This mode of thought values the artistic, the imaginative, and the experiential—it’s about “being in the moment” and sensing the wholeness of an experience. It’s like when you step back to appreciate the entire canvas rather than focusing on the brushstrokes or capturing the emotion of a sunset without needing to understand the science behind it.

In many ways, romantic thinking is about surrendering control and being open to the flow of life. It’s less about mastering the world and more about harmonising with it. If classical thinking corresponds to your mind, romantic thinking belongs to your heart. Where classical thinking seeks to define and categorise, romantic thinking seeks to feel and experience.

The tension between the two arises because they seem to be at odds, but Pirsig suggests that the true path to understanding—and to Quality—comes from reconciling these two modes of thinking. One without the other is incomplete. Classical thinking, if left unchecked, can become rigid, cold, and disconnected from the world of lived experience. It can reduce life to formulas and miss the poetry, the ineffable beauty that romantic thinking can see. On the other hand, romantic thinking, when untethered, can become ungrounded, flighty, and unable to engage with the practical realities of life. It can overlook the importance of discipline, detail, and structure that classical thinking provides.

Pirsig’s journey in the book is about learning to integrate both ways of thinking. Motorcycle maintenance becomes a metaphor for this balance: it requires both the technical, methodical mindset of classical thinking and the intuitive, experiential joy of romantic thinking. It’s not enough for you to just “fix the bike”—you must also appreciate the act of fixing, the beauty of the process, the feel of the wrench in your hand, and the satisfaction of a job well done.

To live fully, Pirsig seems to say, you need both the classical and the romantic. You need to be able to understand the mechanics of life—its logic, its patterns, its systems—but you also need to experience its beauty, its mystery, and its emotional richness. One without the other is a kind of lopsided existence.

In your own life, you might often feel the pull between these two modes. The world of work, productivity, and technology often demands classical thinking—analysis, problem-solving, and structure. But your inner life, your creativity, and your relationships with art, nature, and others call for romantic thinking—a sense of awe, openness, and connection to something larger than yourself.

The real art, Pirsig suggests, lies in bringing these two together. In learning not just to live, but to live with Quality.